The most important and first topic in Russian grammar is the Gender of nouns in Russian.
зависть, ненависть...
свежесть...
Masculine gender: портфель, картофель, дождь, день, камень, рубль, пароль...
Feminine gender: дверь, соль, постель, осень, тень, цель, степень...
Let's repeat.
If the noun ends in -A or -Я, then it is Feminine. If the noun ends in a consonant or -Й, then it is Masculine.
And if the noun ends in -O or -E, then it is Neuter.
Of course, there are exceptions (you can find them here).
And also therre are nouns ending in -Ь, which can be both Feminine and Masculine. Usually they just need to remember.
Yes, you need to memorize these words. But there is a small system in nouns as well. :)
If the noun ends in -A or -Я, then it is Feminine. If the noun ends in a consonant or -Й, then it is Masculine.
And if the noun ends in -O or -E, then it is Neuter.
Of course, there are exceptions (you can find them here).
And also therre are nouns ending in -Ь, which can be both Feminine and Masculine. Usually they just need to remember.
Yes, you need to memorize these words. But there is a small system in nouns as well. :)
Masculine (ОН) nouns ending in -Ь
- nouns with suffix -тель in the end
- nouns with suffix -арь in the end
- nouns denoting months
Feminine (ОНА) nouns ending in -Ь
- nouns with suffixes -ОСТЬ, -ИСТЬ, -ЕСТЬ in the end
зависть, ненависть...
свежесть...
- nouns which end in -БЬ, -ВЬ, -ТЬ, -ЗЬ, -ЩЬ, -ДЬ, -ЖЬ
- some foreign nouns that end in -ЛЬ
- nouns мать and дочь, because they designate female persons
Masculine gender: портфель, картофель, дождь, день, камень, рубль, пароль...
Feminine gender: дверь, соль, постель, осень, тень, цель, степень...
Conclusion. Nouns that end in -Ь can be Feminine and Masculine.
A lot of nouns just need to remember the gender, but there is also a small system ↑.
Excersises:
1. Determine the gender of the noun. ОН or ОНА?
лошадь, нефть,
словарь, корабль,
площадь, календарь,
осень, кровать,
ночь, лагерь,
цепь, секретарь.
2. Test.
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👉
Russian
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